In the late 1990s peer recognized the need to improve access to earthquake ground motion data and thus embarked on an effort to create a webbased searchable database of strong ground motion data. The influence of strongmotion duration on the seismic. The characteristics of strong ground motion, the site category, depth of the soil column, type of rock strata, and the dynamic soil properties at a particular site significantly influence the free field motion during an earthquake. The california strong motion instrumentation program csmip in the department of conservations california geological survey was established in 1972 to obtain vital earthquake data for the engineering and scientific communities through a statewide network of strong motion instruments. This gives access to a database of strong ground motion data parameters, and links to the data centres and web sites of the contributing agencies. Openseismomatlab is an innovative opensource software for strong ground motion data processing, written in matlab. The strong ground motion resulting from a major earthquake determines the level. In seismology the strong motion data provide the high frequency information to determine the rupture process and the complexity of the source mechanism. Ground motion prediction equations 19642019 by john. The current emphasis of the series is on performancebased engineering of lifelines and building structures. A new opensource software for strong ground motion data processing. Waveform data can be downloaded within minutes after an event exceeding magnitude 3. Strong ground motion durations of directivity motions. Click here to download the compendium in pdf and here for a html version using mathjax so slow to load.
Torsional effects in structures subjected to strong ground motion by shi lu and william j. Examples are shown when relatively large tilts of up to a few degrees occurred during strong earthquake ground motion. As a result, there is an excellent descripton of the ground motions that. Peer reports pacific earthquake engineering research center. Sep 26, 2018 a new opensource software for strong ground motion data processing called openseismomatlab is presented, which uses advanced time integration algorithms, contains open and free source code written in matlab, and uses an accurate formulation and implementation of the elastoplastic bilinear kinematic hardening constitutive model. Pdf inversion of strong ground motion and teleseismic.
Opensignal is a free closedsource software platform for the processing and selection of seismic records, signal processing, response spectra. The user specifies the design ground motions in terms. Acceleration, velocity and displacement spectra and. A openaccess recent article on improving earthquake groundmotion predictions for the north sea is available for free download. The loma prieta earthquake professional papers the loma prieta earthquake professional papers comprehensively document the magnitude 6. Inversion of strong ground motion and teleseismic waveform data for the fault rupture history of the 1979 imperial valley, california, earthquake.
Pdf only engineering models that directly predict groundmotion. The strength of the shaking involved in strong ground motion usually overwhelms a seismometer, forcing the use of accelerographs or strong ground motion accelerometers for recording. Directivity effects are the nearfault effects characterized by a pronounced twosided velocity pulse that may cause significant damages to. The basic theory of elasticity shows that the euclerian strain tensor of deformations is. Sitespecific strong ground motion prediction using 2. Cesmd internet data report center for engineering strong. Summary a complete understanding of strong ground motion requires a simultaneous consideration of effects of earthquake source, propagation path and local geological site conditions. Strong ground motion from the michoacan, mexico, earthquake. Fullcolor reports are available free of charge as a pdf. Worldwide strong motion data resources are centralised at the cosmos virtual data center. The duration of strong ground motion can have a strong influence on earthquake damage. The usgs national strong motion project formerly titled the national strong motion program has the primary federal responsibility for acquiring strong motion records of significant earthquakes in the united states recorded by sensors placed in the ground and in manmade structures. Nearsource strong ground motion database the nearfault strong ground motion database that we have compiled consists of a large number of processed nearfield strong ground motions from a variety of tectonic environments around the globe, including those generated by the recent 1999 izmit, turkey, 1999 chichi, taiwan and 1999 duzce.
The science of strong ground motion also deals with the variations of fault. The second step was to ensure that all the data had been processed. Ground motion scaling in time domain nikolaou, 1998. Summary a complete understanding of strong ground motion requires a simultaneous consideration of effects of earthquake source, propagation path. Earthquake simulations in this region, which lies in a sedimentary basin capable of amplifying shaking, predict strong ground motion but they lack validation with observational data. Connell and others published strong ground motion estimation find, read. Jan 24, 2014 ground motion simulations that have incorporated nonlinear soil effects have found a large decrease in the predicted strong ground motion. A new attenuation relation for strong ground motion in japan based on recorded data article pdf available in bulletin of the seismological society of america 963. Recent and paleo seismicity indicate that moderate seismic activity is relatively large for aswan area. This is a warning on the possibility of occurrence of earthquakes in the future too. Page 42 earthquake effects liquefaction strong ground motion during an earthquake can cause watersaturated, unconsolidated soil to act more like a dense fluid than a solid.
Amplification causes the amplitude of the surface ground motion to be increased in some range of frequencies and decreased in others. These srss normalizations are very similar to the atc63 normalizations. Currently the nsmp operates and maintains strongmotion instruments at more than 660 ground, free field and reference sites, and more than 3200 channels of data from about 180 structural arrays. The rrsm portal exposes earthquake information, peak ground motion parameters, and response spectral amplitudes. Pdf engineering models of strong ground motion researchgate. Ground motion is conventionally described in terms of peak free field. Ceen 545 lecture 6 ground motion parameters and signal. Site effects on strong ground motion sciencedirect. Strong motion is currently recording in a mixture of triggered and continuous modes.
A motion of short duration may not produce enough load reversals for damaging response to build up in a structure, even if the amplitude of the motion is high. Geology instrument housing free field, shelter type. Strong motion records from the 2011 off the pacific coast of tohoku earthquake. Peer strong ground motion databases pacific earthquake. The information gathered by csmip is processed and. Strong ground motion prediction using virtual earthquakes.
Preliminary assessment of ground motion duration effects. The peer ground motion database beta version is an interactive web based application that allows the user to select sets of strong ground motion acceleration time series that are representative of design ground motions. Selection, scaling and simulation of input ground motion. The degree to which duration of shaking influences damage to structures, however, remains a topic of debate, with resolution of the issue complicated by the variety of definitions of duration and the variety of structural behaviours, as. The pacific earthquake engineering research center peer is a ninecampus research center headquartered at the university of california, berkeley, working to develop, validate, and disseminate performancebased seismic design technologies for buildings and infrastructure to meet the diverse economic and safety needs of land owners and society. Preliminary analysis for characteristics of strong ground motion. The rotational components associated with the dynamic response of elastic and of poroelastic half space can be as important as the actual deformations, for computation of the response of the half space and for the response analyses of engineering structures, and must be included in all analyses. The objective of this study to develop an empirical strong motion duration relationship for is directivity pulselike motions. Amplification is a function of the shearwave velocity and damping of the unconsoli. Earthquake ground motion an overview sciencedirect topics. In seismology, strong ground motion is the strong earthquake shaking that occurs close to less than about 50 km from a causative fault.
Pdf rotational components of strongmotion earthquakes. Selection, scaling and simulation of input ground motion for. Pdf strong ground motion attenuation in aswan area. Pdf tilts in strong ground motion semantic scholar.
Recipe for predicting strong ground motion from future large. Residual tilt extracted from the strong motion record at the pacoima damupper left abutment reached 3. The first step was to collect the most important ground motion records worldwide. Opensource software for strong ground motion simulation and validation fabio silva, christine a. Tilts in strong ground motion article pdf available in bulletin of the seismological society of america 966. Strong ground motion and concept of response spectrum. Seismic hazards during many disastrous earthquakes are observed to be aggravating at the sites with the soft soil deposits due to amplification of ground motion. Rotational components of strong ground motions wikipedia. On the other hand, a motion with moderate amplitude but long duration can produce enough duration. To study the nature of strong ground motions, seismologists and earthquake engineers deploy.
Characteristics of vertical strong ground motions for applications to. Pdf a new attenuation relation for strong ground motion. Residual tilt extracted from the strongmotion record at the pacoima damupper left abutment reached 3. Procedures for estimating earthquake ground motions. Openseismomatlab can calculate various time histories and. Applicability of the weak motion amplification factor to strong ground motion during the lorna prieta earthquake of 1989. Recipe for predicting strong ground motion from crustal. Worldwide strongmotion data resources are centralised at the cosmos virtual data center. Atc63 far field earthquake ground motion records nga0953 nga0960 nga1602 nga1787 nga0169 nga0174 nga1111 nga1116 nga1158 nga1148 nga0900 nga0848 nga0752 nga0767 nga1633 nga0721 nga0725 nga0829 nga1244 nga1485 nga0068 nga0125 normalized to peer processed pgvsrss 50. This could be an important effect for the scenarios we consider because unconsolidated sediments are likely to be found in sedimentary basins and would be expected to behave nonlinearly during strong shaking. The network of strong motion accelerographs in mexico includes instruments that were installed, under an international cooperative research program, in sites selected for the high potenial of a large earthquake. For harmonic waves of the form u exp ioot, the time dependence of 1 may be separated, leaving the helmholtz equation. The influence of strongmotion duration on the response of saturated soils is clearly recognised and accounted for in the assessment of liquefaction potential. Free field surface motion at different site types due to.
Free field surface motion at different site types due to near. The ground motion characteristics such as attenuation, spectral shape and duration are analyzed using the observed records of the earthquake. The slipping along a fault may be pictured as a releasing of shear dislocations. Imagine what would happen to a building if the soil. Water saturated, granular sediments such as silts, sands, and gravel that are free of clay particles are susceptible to liquefaction. Strong ground motion during an earthquake can cause watersaturated, unconsolidated soil to act. Rotational components of strong ground motions refer to changes of the natural slope of the ground surface due to the propagation of seismic waves. Dfr 8419191, ces 8803920 and bcs 8803920 and the department of civil engineering department of civil engineering. Applicability of the weakmotion amplification factor to strong ground motion during the lorna prieta earthquake of 1989. Earthquakes induce three translational two horizontal and one vertical and three rotational two rocking and one torsional motions on the ground surface. The peer reports series comprises stateoftheart research in earthquake engineering and related fields by the more than 150 expert members of the peer universities consortium. Strong ground motion seismology mustafa ozder erdik springer.
Modification of the input bedrock ground motion by the overlying unconsolidated materials. Jan 24, 2017 this lecture introduces the concept of ground motion parameters, which are used to quantify various aspects of an earthquake time history. Strong ground motion and ground failure coordinated by thomas l. The effect of canyon topography on strong ground motion at.
The effects of the propagation path on the strong ground motion is a research area receiving sub stantial attenuation both from earthquake engineers and seismologists. Hall a technical report of research supported by the national science foundation under grant nos. Peer strong motion database focal mechanism strike slip, normal, reverse normal, reverseoblique, normaloblique magnitude ml, m, ms distance to fault closest, hypocentral, projection of fault plane site classification and mapped local geology instrument housing free field, shelter type. Estimation of local site effects on strong ground motion.
To better understand the challenges of developing ground motion prediction equations gmpe using strong motion data, we present the physical factors that influence strong ground shaking. Recipe for predicting strong ground motion from crustal earthquake scenarios kojiro irikura 1 and hiroe miyake 2 abstractwe developed a recipe for predicting strong ground motions based on a characterization of the source model for future. Introducing the european rapid raw strongmotion database. Sma strong motion analyst processing software the sma software package is a windowsbased tool designed to interactively process strong motion accelerograms, featuring instrument correction, data editing, filtering, ground motion integrations, fourier and response spectra calculations, and. Advanced methods of predicting strong ground motions from. The software implements an elastoplastic bilinear kinematic hardening constitutive model and uses a stateoftheart single step single solve time integration algorithm featuring exceptional speed, robustness and accuracy. The properties of strong ground motion accelerograms will thus reflect the direction of slip, the size of the slip area, the strata through which the waves pass, and the details of nonuniformity of the stress that is released. Modeling and synthesis of strong ground motion s t g raghu kanth department of civil engineering, indian institute of technology, madras, india. No strong motion records are available in aswan area for. Strong ground motion estimation is a relatively new science. This lecture introduces the concept of ground motion parameters, which are used to quantify various aspects of an earthquake time history.
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